![]() Additionally, novel findings indicate that the association between intrusive thoughts and irritability is a feature of the symptom network of veterans with high levels of combat exposure. A symptom network analysis of PTSD in a veteran population found significantly greater overall connectivity in the full-criteria PTSD group as compared to the subthreshold PTSD group. These associations replicate findings reported across PTSD trauma types. ![]() Frequently co-occurring symptom pairs (strong network connections) emerged between two avoidance symptoms, hypervigilance and startle response, loss of interest and detachment, as well as, detachment and restricted affect. Networks were estimated using regularized partial correlation models in the R-package qgraph, and robustness tests were performed with bootnet. Combat Exposure Scale (CES) scores were used to group the sample meeting full-criteria into high ( n = 639) and low ( n = 273) combat exposure subgroups. military veterans (851 males, mean age = 36.3, SD = 9.53) meeting current full-criteria PTSD ( n = 912) and subthreshold PTSD ( n = 138) were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders (SCID). A sample of 1,050 Iraq/Afghanistan-era U.S. Additionally, individuals without a diagnosis who still experience symptoms, also referred to as subthreshold cases, have not been explored with network analysis in veterans. Despite reliable associations across reported networks, more work is needed to compare central symptoms across trauma types. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom networks have been investigated in clinical samples meeting full diagnostic criteria, including military veterans, natural disaster survivors, civilian survivors of war, and child sexual abuse survivors. Recent work inspired by graph theory has begun to conceptualize mental disorders as networks of interacting symptoms.
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